50 Must Know Literary Terms for Any Competitive Exam

Wed Jul 24, 2024

50 Most Important Literary Terms an English Literature Student Must Know for Competitive Exams

1. Alliteration

Definition: The repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in close succession. Example: “She sells seashells by the seashore.”

2. Allusion

Definition: A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance. Example: “He was a real Romeo with the ladies.”

3. Analogy

Definition: A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification. Example: “Life is like a box of chocolates—you never know what you're gonna get.”

4. Antagonist

Definition: A character or a group of characters which stand in opposition to the protagonist or the main character. Example: In "Harry Potter," Voldemort is the antagonist.

5. Assonance

Definition: The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. Example: “The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.”

6. Characterization

Definition: The process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character. Example: Describing a character as “kind and generous.”

7. Climax

Definition: The most intense, exciting, or important point of a story. Example: The final battle in "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows."

8. Conflict

Definition: A struggle between opposing forces, usually a protagonist and an antagonist. Example: The conflict between Harry Potter and Voldemort.

9. Connotation

Definition: The idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning. Example: “Home” connotes warmth and comfort, whereas “house” does not.

10. Denotation

Definition: The literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests. Example: “Home” denotes a place where one lives.

11. Diction

Definition: The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing. Example: Using “slender” instead of “thin” to describe someone.

12. Epic

Definition: A long narrative poem, often written about a hero or heroines. Example: “The Odyssey” by Homer.

13. Epiphany

Definition: A moment of sudden revelation or insight. Example: Archimedes shouting “Eureka!” upon discovering a scientific principle.

14. Euphemism

Definition: A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt. Example: Saying “passed away” instead of “died.”

15. Foreshadowing

Definition: A literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story. Example: Dark clouds foreshadowing a storm.

16. Genre

Definition: A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Example: Romance, Science Fiction, Fantasy.

17. Hyperbole

Definition: Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. Example: “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.”

18. Imagery

Definition: Visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work. Example: “The golden yellow sunlight filtered down through the pale new leaves on the oak trees.”

19. Irony

Definition: The expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. Example: A fire station burns down.

20. Metaphor

Definition: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. Example: “The world is a stage.”

21. Motif

Definition: A distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition. Example: The recurring theme of good vs. evil in many books.

22. Narrative

Definition: A spoken or written account of connected events; a story. Example: “To Kill a Mockingbird” is a narrative novel.

23. Onomatopoeia

Definition: The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named. Example: “Buzz,” “whisper,” “bang.”

24. Oxymoron

Definition: A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction. Example: “Deafening silence.”

25. Paradox

Definition: A statement that seems contradictory but actually may be true. Example: “This is the beginning of the end.”

26. Personification

Definition: The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman. Example: “The wind whispered through the trees.”

27. Plot

Definition: The sequence of events in a story. Example: The plot of “Cinderella” includes the stepsisters' jealousy, the ball, and the glass slipper.

28. Point of View

Definition: The narrator’s position in relation to the story being told. Example: First person point of view uses “I” and “we.”

29. Protagonist

Definition: The main character in a literary work. Example: Harry Potter in the “Harry Potter” series.

30. Satire

Definition: The use of humor, irony, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices. Example: “Gulliver’s Travels” by Jonathan Swift.

31. Setting

Definition: The time and place in which the story takes place. Example: The setting of “Pride and Prejudice” is rural England in the early 19th century.

32. Simile

Definition: A figure of speech comparing one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid. Example: “As brave as a lion.”

33. Symbolism

Definition: The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. Example: A dove symbolizes peace.

34. Theme

Definition: The central topic or idea explored in a text. Example: The theme of “Romeo and Juliet” is the forcefulness of love.

35. Tone

Definition: The general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc. Example: The tone of “The Tell-Tale Heart” by Edgar Allan Poe is nervous and frantic.

36. Tragedy

Definition: A genre of drama that presents a serious subject matter and typically ends in disaster for the protagonist. Example: “Hamlet” by William Shakespeare.

37. Understatement

Definition: The presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. Example: Saying “It’s a bit chilly” in freezing weather.

38. Allegory

Definition: A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. Example: “Animal Farm” by George Orwell.

39. Anecdote

Definition: A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. Example: A mother telling her child a story about her own childhood.

40. Colloquialism

Definition: The use of informal words, phrases, or even slang in a piece of writing. Example: Using “gonna” instead of “going to.”

41. Dialogue

Definition: Conversation between two or more characters. Example: Any spoken exchanges between characters in a play or novel.

42. Flashback

Definition: A scene set in a time earlier than the main story. Example: A character recalling their childhood in the middle of the story.

43. Foil

Definition: A character who contrasts with another character, usually the protagonist, to highlight particular qualities. Example: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

44. Genre

Definition: A category of artistic composition characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Example: Horror, Romance, Mystery.

45. Juxtaposition

Definition: The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. Example: Beauty and ugliness.

46. Monologue

Definition: A long speech by one actor in a play or movie. Example: Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy.

47. Parody

Definition: An imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect. Example: “Don Quixote” is a parody of chivalric romances.

48. Prologue

Definition: A separate introductory section of a literary or musical work. Example: The prologue in “Romeo and Juliet.”

49. Soliloquy

Definition: An act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers. Example: Macbeth’s “Is this a dagger which I see before me” speech.

50. Syllogism

Definition: A form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions (premises). Example: “All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.” 

Enroll in our UGC NET English Online Course

Explore all our courses HERE

Follow us: 

YouTube: @TheAnkitaJain

Instagram: @theankita.jain

Telegram: The Ankita Jain (for UGC NET English Coaching)

WhatsApp: Ankita Jain